Insulation in attics - Aug 16, 2023 ... Insulating a loft for storage involves installing insulation directly on top of the joists to the ceiling below. This keeps the rest of the room ...

 
May 14, 2022 · Get a free attic inspection and quote to insulate your attic. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in insulation is the cheapest option. . Beaches in virginia beach

Do you have a collection of old dishes tucked away in your attic or basement? If so, you may be sitting on a potential goldmine. Many people don’t realize that certain old dishes c...Time to clean out your attic or garage? Forget about settling for garage sale prices. These days, online auction sites and marketplaces make it easier than ever before to sell your...Nov 4, 2022 · Connect the hose to the blown-in insulation machine. Then feed 1/2 a bag of fill into the machine and turn on the hose to start blowing the insulation. Step 2: Fill Your Space With Insulation. Step 3: Raise the Floor to Create Storage Space. Step 4: Attach the Plywood. Step 5: Continue to Fill the Attic. Get a free attic inspection and quote to insulate your attic. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in insulation is the cheapest option.Feb 28, 2022 · There are two basic ways to insulate a finished attic. If only the living space will be insulated, wrap the insulation around the room’s walls and ceiling and then continue along the floor of the non-living space. In this case, the area behind the knee wall will be uncomfortably hot or cold. If you want to keep the area behind the sidewalls ... Steps for Insulating an Attic with Fiberglass. Cut fiberglass batts to fit tightly between floor joists. Lay the fiberglass batt between the joists with the paper vapor barrier facing down toward the heated space. Lightly press the batt down between the joists. Note: When installing insulation along the eaves, be careful not to cover the soffit ...Batt And Roll Insulation. Batt and roll-style insulation is simple to install. Carry up to the attic unrolled and roll it out, starting in the corner furthest ...Nov 17, 2020 · On average, a 1500-square-foot attic in Utah can cost between $1,500 and $3,500 for professional installation, including materials and labor. The most common insulation materials are fiberglass, cellulose, and spray foam. Fiberglass insulation is the most affordable option and can cost anywhere from $0.35 to $1.00 per square foot for materials. In the summer at the attic will get much hotter than it does now, increasing cooling costs. Also, you would be creating what's known as a hot roof. This can be damaging to the roof sheathing and shingles. Most truss bottom cords are 2x4. This is normal, and the insulation usually reaches much higher than the tops of the ceiling joists.4 days ago · You can insulate your attic either by blowing in loose-fill cellulose insulation or by laying fiberglass batts between the ceiling joists. Installing one layer of R-19 insulation by yourself... Rubber is a good insulator because it prevents electrons from moving through it easily and gaining energy, which causes an electrical charge. Electrons are transferred to rubber, b...When attic insulation deteriorates and collapses, its R-value decreases. Insulation’s R-value refers to its ability to help your home retain heat in the winter and cool air in the summer. With a high R-value, your home stays comfortable throughout the year. As the R-value decreases, your house becomes …Making these upgrades together in one year would allow you a tax credit of up to $1,200 for the insulation and up to $2,000 for the heat pump. Similarly, you could combine a heat pump installation with window/door replacements. In that scenario, the $2,000 credit for the heat pump could be combined with tax credits up to $600 total for the ...Sep 14, 2021 ... The conditioned attic will have twice the surface area to insulate and loose heat and require the use of expensive spray foam insulation. You ...Here at Green Attics, our blown in insulation solutions are top-notch. We are proud to use Knauf EcoFill, which is a fiberglass blowing insulation that’s used in residential and commercial applications. This insulation can be used for thermal and sound-absorbing purposes. In addition, this home insulation is also utilized in …Determine what kind of fiberglass attic insulation you want to use — batts, rolls or loose fill. Keep in mind that batts should never be installed over blown-in insulation. Once you know the product you want, you can estimate the amount you’ll need. Divide attic’s square footage by the square footage in each package. Attic Sq. Ft. ÷ ...In a vented attic, the insulation gets installed under the attic floor instead of insulating the attic’s walls. The conditioned space is everything below the ceiling insulation. Sealed Attics. A sealed attic is one in which there aren’t any vents to allow the exchange of heat and air. In this type of attic, insulation gets installed …If your home is barely above freezing in the winter or feels particularly hot in the summer, you might be living in a poorly-insulated house. Though insulation comes with a cost, i...This Old House general contractor Tom Silva and host Kevin O'Connor demonstrate the proper way to insulate an attic. (See below for a shopping list and tools...The attic insulation installation services provided by us at Attic Guys can also lead to energy savings and more efficient homes. Free Estimate 866-300-3258. Corey - Attic Cleaning Tech. Attic Cleaning Service. Make your attic yours again. There are so many options when it comes to insulation! Installers’ goal is to help resist the …Get a FREE Attic Inspection and Insulation Quote. Get Quote. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in insulation is the … Radiant Barriers. Radiant barriers are installed in homes -- usually in attics -- primarily to reduce summer heat gain and reduce cooling costs. The barriers consist of a highly reflective material that reflects radiant heat rather than absorbing it. They don't, however, reduce heat conduction like thermal insulation materials. The giveaway sign of vermiculite insulation is that your attic looks like a gravel path, filled in with a substance with the following characteristics:1. Particles with a pebble-like shape and appearance. Grey-brown or silvery-gold color, shiny as opposed to other types of blown-in insulation. A lack of paper or another backing to provide it ...Faced insulation has a facing that is put on the insulation during installation. This facing can be made of different materials, such as paper, foil, or plastic. Faced insulation is usually easier to install than unfaced insulation, and it can help to prevent moisture from entering the attic. Unfaced insulation does not have a facing and …Our top attic baffle recommendations include the SmartBaffle 16″ Insulation Baffle, Durovent with Baffle Vent Channel, and the 24″ SmartBaffle. Attics and More is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and ...May 28, 2021 · The attics were outside of the home’s thermal envelope. These days, builders can choose between a traditional unconditioned attic and a conditioned attic. Conditioned attics are sealed rather than vented. Since the insulation in a conditioned attic follows the roof slope, the temperature in a conditioned attic is close to the temperature in ... Attic insulation is an essential component of any home’s energy efficiency, helping to keep warm air inside during the winter and cool air inside during the summer. If you’re consi...Rent a blowing machine. Many home improvement stores offer blowing machine rentals for the DIY-minded. Remember, machine-blown fill insulation will be more effective than hand-filled, so unless you want inferior insulation from your material, rent a blowing machine when you buy your insulation. 3. Baffle your vents.Nov 27, 2023 · In the case of attic insulation, you can DIY install it or hire a roofing professional in your area to get the job done. The estimated attic insulation cost is between $1,500 and $3,500, depending on insulation materials. According to HomeAdvisor, properly installed attic insulation can shave as much as 50% off your heating bill. Talk about ... Attic insulation levels have a large impact on the amount of heat flow that is reduced by 40%; in other words, if you have little or no insulation in your attic, a 40% reduction is very significant, but if your attic is insulated to R-30 or better, there is very little heat flow to reduce. However, if the HVAC duct work is in …Here is a rough estimate of the cost of some common types of attic insulation: Fiberglass Batts: Materials costs can range from $0.50 to $1.50 per square foot, and installation costs can vary from $0.50 to $1.50 per square foot, depending on the complexity of the installation. For a 1,500-square-foot attic, this option can cost between …We perform a few standard attic preps, and install your All-Borate Cellulose Insulation over the top of your existing attic insulation. This takes about two-four hours for our crew to complete, and an average estimate is $4450, which includes an insulated attic stair tent and all attic prep. Final R-Value is usually R-50, which satisfies the ...One of the greatest threats to attic insulation in a home, business, or other insulated structures are rodents. Mice, rats, and other rodents (including squirrels and raccoons) are known to infest attics. These critters will ruin certain types of insulation by gnawing it apart for use in building nests. In addition, when …Batt and roll insulation comes in either pre-cut pieces (batts) or rolls that can be cut to fit your space. Insulate Floor Joists. Start by adding insulation in the space farthest away from the attic door. Fill the cavity with insulation between the joists, and tuck the insulation into any nooks or crannies. Cut Insulation As Needed Our top pick for this material type is the Johns Manville Batt Insulation. This R-30 insulation is formaldehyde free fiber glass insulation protected on one side with moisture resistant Kraft facing. The batts come in pre-cut 48 inch lengths for easy installation in 16 in., 2 in. x 10 in. attics and ceilings. One bag covers 58.67 sq. ft. 1. While wearing dust mask and gloves, carry R-38 batts of unfaced fiberglass insulation into the attic. 2. Lay the batts across the ceiling joists, covering the existing insulation. 3. Continue laying down the insulation, making sure the batts are pressed tightly together at all edge and end joints. 4. At the perimeter of the attic, lay the ... Old material still retains its insulating properties after many years, but you may need to remove old attic insulation if it’s become moldy or you have an issue with rodents. Read more about attic insulation removal on our service page or give us a call with any questions (602) 706-5440.Dec 8, 2021 ... In the unlikelihood that your attic has no insulation, then first install faced insulation, making sure the facing—paper or foil—is placed down ...Feb 28, 2023 ... To get the most R-value with the least thickness, use batt insulation with higher R-value per inch in combination with rigid foam insulation.Most current building codes call for R-50 insulation in the attics of new homes, while specifying R-38 for insulation retrofit into existing dwellings. But the age of the home …Why Attic Insulation Is Important in Winter ... Heated air naturally rises, and if your home isn't properly sealed and insulated, some of that heat will bleed ...Here is a rough estimate of the cost of some common types of attic insulation: Fiberglass Batts: Materials costs can range from $0.50 to $1.50 per square foot, and installation costs can vary from $0.50 to $1.50 per square foot, depending on the complexity of the installation. For a 1,500-square-foot attic, this option can cost between …May 14, 2022 · Get a free attic inspection and quote to insulate your attic. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in insulation is the cheapest option. Fiberglass blankets are continuous rolls of fiberglass insulation, which you can cut to fit the areas you need to cover. They're typically made with 20-30% ...Insulating attic roof rafters comes with a plethora of advantages. Firstly, it significantly enhances energy efficiency by reducing the need for heating and cooling, leading to lower utility bills. Additionally, proper insulation can transform an otherwise unusable attic space into a livable area, potentially increasing your home’s usable ...Coupled with the large surface area of most attics, this makes blowing insulation into the attic more expensive than blown-in wall insulation. RELATED: The Best Insulation Contractors of 2022We work with homeowners, builders and contractors to insulate attics for residential retrofit and new construction projects. We use a variety of top-rated materials, such as blown-in insulation and radiant barrier insulation. If you want a free estimate for your project, contact our attic insulation contractors or give us a call at 210-201-1366 ...Our top attic baffle recommendations include the SmartBaffle 16″ Insulation Baffle, Durovent with Baffle Vent Channel, and the 24″ SmartBaffle. Attics and More is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and ...Feb 6, 2015 ... http://www.drenergysaver.com | 1-866-607-0191 In Episode 71 of the On the Job Video series, Larry Janesky, owner and founder of Dr. Energy ...The attic insulation installation services provided by us at Attic Guys can also lead to energy savings and more efficient homes. Free Estimate 866-300-3258. Corey - Attic Cleaning Tech. Attic Cleaning Service. Make your attic yours again. There are so many options when it comes to insulation! Installers’ goal is to help resist the …Insulating attic roof rafters comes with a plethora of advantages. Firstly, it significantly enhances energy efficiency by reducing the need for heating and cooling, leading to lower utility bills. Additionally, proper insulation can transform an otherwise unusable attic space into a livable area, potentially increasing your home’s usable ...Jan 8, 2024 ... Insulating your attic floor can create a vented attic, which is ideal for storage and not needing temperature control upstairs. Insulating the ...On average, you can save up to 20% on your home’s heating and cooling costs or up to 10% on its total energy costs by adding insulation to attics, floors, crawl spaces, and accessible …In an unvented attic, insulation is applied to the interior side of the roof deck. Spray foam is an ideal choice for unvented attics because it acts as an insulation and air barrier and, most importantly, it sticks to the surface where it is applied. Spray foam expands on application, filling gaps and sealing air leaks in the attic walls and roof.In the summer at the attic will get much hotter than it does now, increasing cooling costs. Also, you would be creating what's known as a hot roof. This can be damaging to the roof sheathing and shingles. Most truss bottom cords are 2x4. This is normal, and the insulation usually reaches much higher than the tops of the ceiling joists.Insulating attic roof rafters comes with a plethora of advantages. Firstly, it significantly enhances energy efficiency by reducing the need for heating and cooling, leading to lower utility bills. Additionally, proper insulation can transform an otherwise unusable attic space into a livable area, potentially increasing your home’s usable ...Nov 20, 2020 · As of 2023, the average attic insulation cost in Tennessee is between $1.50 and $3.50 per square foot, including installation. However, this cost can increase or decrease depending on the factors mentioned above and the insulation R-value. Higher R-value insulation will generally be more expensive, but it can also provide more energy savings. At Lowe's, we carry a variety of batt insulation R-values, so you can choose the thickness of your insulation. You'll find everything from R-19 to R-30 batt ...But before you do so, it’s important to understand the costs involved with attic insulation. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in …Generally, the installation costs for different types of insulation products in Louisiana are: Fiberglass batts or rolls: $0.65 to $1.20 per square foot, including labor and materials. Blown-in fiberglass: $0.95 to $1.50 per square foot, including labor and materials. Blown-in cellulose: $0.95 to $1.75 per square foot, including labor and ...If you bury attic ducts in cellulose or fiberglass insulation, you need to think about summertime condensation. In a hot, humid climate, moisture can condense on cool ducts and register boots when the air conditioning system is blowing cool air through the ducts. Image Credit: Image #1: Home Innovation …Get a free attic inspection and quote to insulate your attic. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in insulation is the cheapest option.Jul 12, 2021 · Section R807.1 provides those details and requires that attic accesses have rough openings not less than 30 in. by 22 in. (specifically 22 in. wide by 30 in. tall if located in a wall). If the attic access is located in a ceiling, there must be at least 30 in. of headroom above it. If you put mechanical equipment in the attic, access is ... May 3, 2019 · The cause depends on whether you have an unconditioned attic or a conditioned attic. By Martin Holladay | May 3, 2019. If attic air is humid, and roof sheathing is cold, condensation or frost can accumulate on the underside of the sheathing. The source of the attic moisture is usually indoor air that enters the attic through ceiling cracks. There are two basic ways to insulate a finished attic. If only the living space will be insulated, wrap the insulation around the room’s walls and ceiling and then continue along the floor of the non-living space. In this case, the area behind the knee wall will be uncomfortably hot or cold. If you want to keep the area behind the sidewalls ...Jul 8, 2021 ... Wondering how roof insulation keeps your home warm in the winter and cool in the summer? In this quick video, I teach you why and how to ...The attics were outside of the home’s thermal envelope. These days, builders can choose between a traditional unconditioned attic and a conditioned attic. Conditioned attics are sealed rather than vented. Since the insulation in a conditioned attic follows the roof slope, the temperature in a conditioned attic is close to the temperature in ...Get a free attic inspection and quote to insulate your attic. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in insulation is the cheapest option.The cost to insulate an attic ranges between between $1,700 and $2,100, on average. To hire a professional attic insulation contractor, expect to pay between $55 and …Feb 23, 2024 · The recommended insulation levels for attics in Texas typically range from R-30 to R-60, depending on the specific climate zone within the state. It’s important to consult with a local insulation expert to determine the best insulation level for your attic. The appraiser must enter the attic and observe the interior roof structure and attic for evidence of leaks, water damage, structural problems, previous fire damage, FRT sheathing, exposed and frayed wiring, deficient materials, deficient insulation and adequate ventilation by vent, fan or window.Dec 29, 2020 · To cut blanket-style insulation, place the product over a piece of plywood, with its paper (or foil) side down. Lay a two-by-four on top, temporarily compressing the insulation to a manageable ... February 28, 2022. Whether your attic is finished or unfinished, this expert DIY guide will show you how to insulate it. Includes where insulation goes, the need for vapor barriers, and basic …Get a free attic inspection and quote to insulate your attic. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in insulation is the cheapest option.Mar 22, 2021 · This video will show how to insulate an attic, step by step, with precut batts and rolls. Insulating your attic is a great way to provide that extra layer th... Professional Attic Insulation in Chicagoland. At ARC Insulation, we’ve insulated over 30,000 homes since we opened our doors in 1993, and our team is highly-trained and experienced with houses throughout Naperville and the surrounding areas. We can find long-lasting solutions to your comfort, efficiency, and indoor … For Zones 4–8: Add R10 insulative wall sheathing beneath the new siding. Basement or Crawlspace Wall Insulation: Zone 3: Add R5 insulative wall sheathing or R13 batt. Zones 4A and 4B: Add R10 insulative wall sheathing or R13 batt. Zones 4C and 5–8: Add R15 insulative wall sheathing or R19 batt. Note: This guidance is based on the 2021 ... Attic Insulation and R-Values in Michigan. According to Energy.gov: "Of the $2,000 the average American spends paying for energy annually, $200 to $400 could be going to waste from drafts, air leaks around openings, and outdated heating and cooling systems.". What is R-value in insulation? The thermal performance of insulation is …A properly sealed and insulated crawl space has the potential to reduce your energy bills and improve the durability of your home. Learn more about how to insulate a crawl space an...Insulation is a wise choice to increase the energy efficiency of your home. Quality insulation will make it more cost-effective to heat and cool your home, The Department of Energy’s estimates range from a 10% to 50% savings, depending on several factors. However, attic insulation isn’t just about heating.Here is a rough estimate of the cost of some common types of attic insulation: Fiberglass Batts: Materials costs can range from $0.50 to $1.50 per square foot, and installation costs can vary from $0.50 to $1.50 per square foot, depending on the complexity of the installation. For a 1,500-square-foot attic, this option can cost between …May 14, 2022 · Get a free attic inspection and quote to insulate your attic. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in insulation is the cheapest option. Steps for Insulating an Attic with Fiberglass · Cut fiberglass batts to fit tightly between floor joists. · Lay the fiberglass batt between the joists with the ....February 28, 2022. Whether your attic is finished or unfinished, this expert DIY guide will show you how to insulate it. Includes where insulation goes, the need for vapor barriers, and basic …Another type of fiberglass attic insulation is blown-in insulation, blow-in, or loose-fill insulation. Certified attic specialists apply loose-fill fiberglass to cracks, crevices, and attic floors using an insulation blower. Because of this, loose-fill insulation is considered one of the best types of insulation for attics and walls. ‍This fiberglass blowing insulation is designed for thermal protection and noise reduction. It's ideal for open area attics as it creates a custom uniform ...Attic insulation levels have a large impact on the amount of heat flow that is reduced by 40%; in other words, if you have little or no insulation in your attic, a 40% reduction is very significant, but if your attic is insulated to R-30 or better, there is very little heat flow to reduce. However, if the HVAC duct work is in …

Dec 29, 2020 ... To cut blanket-style insulation, place the product over a piece of plywood, with its paper (or foil) side down. Lay a two-by-four on top, .... Disney vs universal

insulation in attics

Feb 22, 2024 · On average, insulating an attic will cost you anywhere between $1 and $7 per square foot, or roughly $1,500 per insulation project (and including labor and materials). Smaller attic insulation ... Well-Insulated and Sealed Attic. Making sure your attic is well-sealed and properly insulated is one of the most important things you can do as part of your ENERGY STAR Home Upgrade to …Feb 6, 2015 ... http://www.drenergysaver.com | 1-866-607-0191 In Episode 71 of the On the Job Video series, Larry Janesky, owner and founder of Dr. Energy ...Get a free attic inspection and quote to insulate your attic. Generally speaking, attic insulation can cost anywhere from $1,100 to $1,500, or between $1.50 to $3.50 per foot, depending on the material you choose and how much space you need to cover. As we noted earlier, blown-in insulation is the cheapest option.3. Uninsulated Attics. On the other hand, an uninsulated attic can also have condensation issues. Without proper insulation, humid air can get in and result in condensation. 4. Poor Ventilation. Once there’s moisture in your attic, it needs to get out. Poor attic ventilation can result in trapped air. When this air is also damp, … The most common types of materials used for loose-fill insulation include cellulose, fiberglass, and mineral (rock or slag) wool. All of these materials are produced using recycled waste materials. Cellulose is primarily made from recycled newsprint. Most fiberglass products contain 40% to 60% recycled glass. The best type of attic insulation for the hot, humid Florida climate is spray foam. Closed-cell spray foam has an impressive R-value in the range of six to seven per inch. Other adequate attic insulation types for Florida include blown-in fiberglass, blown-in cellulose, and fiberglass batt.Jan 13, 2019 ... In general, an attic's R-value should be between R-30 and R-49. In particularly cold climates, you might go up to R-60. Let's say the insulation ...Here are some general guidelines for attic insulation in Colorado: Fiberglass insulation: For Colorado attics, the recommended R-value ranges from R38 to R60. This equates to a depth of 10-14 inches or approximately 11-18 bags of fiberglass insulation. Cellulose insulation: For Colorado attics, the …How well a particular insulation works is expressed by the R-value, which ranges from 2.0 to 8.0 per inch of insulation. The higher the R-value, the better job the insulation does at preventing the transfer of heat. Fiberglass and cellulose insulation have R-values of 2.9 to 3.8 per inch while sprayed foam insulation can go as high as 8.0 per … 1. While wearing dust mask and gloves, carry R-38 batts of unfaced fiberglass insulation into the attic. 2. Lay the batts across the ceiling joists, covering the existing insulation. 3. Continue laying down the insulation, making sure the batts are pressed tightly together at all edge and end joints. 4. At the perimeter of the attic, lay the ... Damp insulation. Noticeable musky, damp odor. Common Causes of Condensation In The Attic. There are dozens of things that can cause condensation buildups in the attic, one of which is a leaking roof. Even a small pin head-sized hole can send gallons of water pouring into your attic over the course of a couple months.Blown-In Cellulose Insulation Cost. Blown-in cellulose insulation done as a DIY project will cost between $0.80 and $1.75 per square foot or between $800 and $1,750 per project. Hiring a professional to install this type of attic insulation costs between $2,000 and $3,000. 4. Spray Foam Insulation.Spray foam insulation: $3–$7 per square foot installed professionally. For a 1,500-square-foot attic, expect to spend around $1,500 to add cellulose insulation professionally. DIY fiberglass installation may cost $500–$750 in materials. Get multiple quotes when hiring an insulation company.The cost of spraying insulation in an attic can vary based on factors such as the size of the attic, the type of insulation material, and the complexity of the installation. On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $1.50 to $3.50 per square foot for spray insulation.Coupled with the large surface area of most attics, this makes blowing insulation into the attic more expensive than blown-in wall insulation. RELATED: The Best Insulation Contractors of 2022February 28, 2022. Whether your attic is finished or unfinished, this expert DIY guide will show you how to insulate it. Includes where insulation goes, the need for vapor barriers, and basic …For optimal energy efficiency, your home should be properly insulated from the roof down to its foundation. The illustration above shows all the areas of the home where there should be insulation. The numbered areas ….

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